The 2025 Rule of Law Report by the Civil Liberties Union for Europe (‘Liberties‘) that was published today, reveals a concerning picture: democratic institutions in the EU continued to weaken in 2024 due to government neglect or active dismantling. The report, compiled by 43 human rights organisations—including PILP as a member of Liberties—provides a critical assessment of justice, media freedom, checks and balances, civic space, and human rights across 21 EU countries.
Balázs Dénes, Executive Director of Liberties, warns: “The entrenched decline in the rule of law coincides with the rise of far-right populism and growing geopolitical tensions. The European Commission must enhance its enforcement mechanisms to prevent further erosion of democratic principles.”
The full Liberties Rule of Law Report 2025 is available here.
A direct download of the Netherlands chapter can be accessed here.
Key Findings:
- Political Interference in Justice: Courts remain under pressure due to political smears, insufficient funding, and legal barriers to access.
- Corruption & Transparency Issues: Weak law enforcement and inadequate whistleblower protections undermine trust in institutions.
- Media Freedom Under Threat: Government influence and ownership concentration limit journalistic independence, with increasing harassment of journalists.
- Weakening of Democratic Safeguards: Fast-track legislation, compromised regulatory bodies, and electoral system concerns erode accountability.
- Civic Space Shrinking: Crackdowns on protests, restrictive laws, and smear campaigns threaten fundamental rights.
- Human Rights at Risk: Stricter migration policies, rising discrimination, and hate speech disproportionately affect minorities.
Country Trends:
- Hungary remains the worst performer, with intensified attacks on judicial independence, civil society, and media.
- Italy, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, and Slovakia systematically undermine the rule of law.
- Even established democracies like Belgium, France, Germany, and Sweden show worrying declines in certain areas.
- Poland struggles to reverse past damage, highlighting the difficulty of restoring institutional independence.
- Some progress was noted in Estonia and the Czech Republic, demonstrating the role of civil society in positive change.
- Greece, Ireland, Malta, the Netherlands, and Spain stagnate or made only minimal progress in their rule of law indicators.